Class 10 Science Revision Notes

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Chemical Reactions and Equations Notes

Chemical Reactions and Equations — Notes A chemical reaction forms new substances and is shown by a chemical equation , which must be balanced (equal atoms of each element on both…

Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids, Bases and Salts Notes

Acids, Bases and Salts — Notes Properties Acids give H⁺ ions in solution, turn blue litmus red, and react with metals to release hydrogen. Bases give OH⁻ ions, turn red litmus blu…

Metals and Non-metals

Metals and Non-metals Notes

Metals and Non metals — Notes Physical properties Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, and usually solid. Non metals are mostly the op…

Carbon and its Compounds

Carbon and its Compounds Notes

Carbon and its Compounds — Notes Bonding and catenation Carbon forms covalent bonds by sharing electrons and shows catenation (atoms linking in chains and rings) and tetravalency…

Life Processes

Life Processes Notes

Life Processes — Notes Life processes are the basic functions that maintain life. Nutrition Autotrophic (photosynthesis in plants using CO₂, water, sunlight and chlorophyll) and h…

Control and Coordination

Control and Coordination Notes

Control and Coordination — Notes Nervous system The nervous system controls and coordinates body activities. A neuron carries impulses; a reflex action is a quick, automatic respo…

How do Organisms Reproduce?

How do Organisms Reproduce? Notes

How do Organisms Reproduce? — Notes Reproduction ensures continuity of a species and creates variation. Asexual reproduction A single parent produces offspring: fission (Amoeba),…

Heredity and Evolution

Heredity and Evolution Notes

Heredity and Evolution — Notes Heredity Heredity is the transfer of characters from parents to offspring through genes on chromosomes. Mendel's experiments on pea plants gave the…

Light – Reflection and Refraction

Light – Reflection and Refraction Notes

Light – Reflection and Refraction — Notes Reflection by spherical mirrors The laws of reflection hold for all mirrors. Image formation by concave and convex mirrors depends on the…

The Human Eye and the Colourful World

The Human Eye and the Colourful World Notes

The Human Eye and the Colourful World — Notes The human eye The eye focuses light using the cornea and lens onto the retina . The ciliary muscles change the lens's focal length (…

Electricity

Electricity Notes

Electricity — Notes Current, potential difference and Ohm's law Current (in amperes); potential difference (in volts). Ohm's law: , where is resistance (in ohms). Resistance depen…

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Notes

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current — Notes Magnetic field of a current A current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field (shown by field lines). The direction is given by t…

Our Environment

Our Environment Notes

Our Environment — Notes Ecosystems An ecosystem has biotic (living) and abiotic (non living) components. Organisms are producers, consumers and decomposers . Food chains and energ…